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2020/04/28 第459期訂閱/退訂∣看歷史報份∣直接訂閱

本期文章
•	Sculpting Tree Trunks on the Streets of Rome　死木計畫：藝術家重整羅馬「樹」容
•	Words for Reference
•	Tips & Analysis
•	Words in Use
•	Practical Phrases
•	More to Learn
•	中文翻譯&標準答案
優惠活動訊息：見訊息

Sculpting Tree Trunks on the Streets of Rome　死木計畫：藝術家重整羅馬「樹」容

by Duncan DeAeth

圖片來源：Kireeva Veronika / Shutterstock.com

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　　Rome is recognized across the globe for its classical artwork, but recently the city’s modern street art has been drawing attention. __1__ many urban artists stick to painting murals◆, one Italian sculptor is bucking the trend with his wonderful works made from an unusual medium◆. Andrea Gandini, a native of Rome in his early twenties, has been recognized for his wood carvings◆ of old tree trunks __2__ across the city’s landscape.
　　Gandini’s Troncomorto, or “dead trunk” project, began in 2018, when the artist ran out of sculpting clay. That’s when he noticed the remains of an old tree stump◆ in his neighborhood. He realized that Rome was full of __3__ canvasses just waiting to be given new life. “Bringing trees back to life” is exactly how Gandini and others describe his art.
　　Due to years of poor care by the city, many trees became diseased and had to be cut down. This __4__ lots of old stumps that blemish the streets of Rome, which were costly to remove. However, they have been a perfect canvas for Gandini, who has completed over 50 carvings across the city.
　　Gandini gives each old tree trunk a face and personality of its own. By recognizing each __5__ living tree as an individual, he hopes to give them some dignity in death and honor each of them with their own headstone◆ of sorts. For those that can’t make the trek to Rome, Gandini documents his works of art on Instagram.
1. (A) Since　　(B) While　　(C) For　　(D) With
2. (A) scatter　　(B) scatters　　(C) scattered　　(D) to scatter
3. (A) potential　　(B) considerate　　(C) artificial　　(D) efficient
4. (A) adapted to　　(B) evolved into　　(C) resulted in　　(D) suffered from
5. (A) willingly　　(B) loyally　　(C) relatively　　(D) formerly

◆ mural n. 壁畫
◆ medium n. 媒介；方法，手段；藝術形式
◆ carving n. 雕刻物
◆ stump n. 樹樁
◆ canvas n. 油畫布（本文中的 canvasses 為其英式複數形，美式則為 canvases）
◆ headstone n. 墓碑

1. While many urban artists stick to painting murals, one Italian sculptor is bucking the trend with his wonderful works made from an unusual medium.
理由
a. (A) since 作副詞連接詞時，除了表「自從……」外，還可表「因為／既然……」，其後所引導的副詞子句及所修飾的主要子句用一般時態。
• Since Paul is too busy, Larry will have to take on the new project.
因為保羅工作太忙了，所以賴瑞將得承接新專案。
(B) while 作副詞連接詞時可表「雖然」，等於 though 或 although，其所引導的副詞子句通常置於句首，其後加逗點再接主要子句。
• While your idea sounds good, I’m afraid that it won’t work.
雖然你的點子聽起來挺不錯，不過恐怕行不通。
(C) for 可作副詞連接詞，表「因為」，使用時多置於主要子句之後，其前通常置逗點。
• Take an umbrella when you go to Seattle, for it rains frequently there.
你去西雅圖時要帶把傘，因為那裡經常下雨。
(D) 介詞 with 可引導情狀介詞片語，用以補充主詞的附帶狀況，用法為「with + 受詞 + 受詞補語」：若受詞與受詞補語為主動關係，受詞補語用現在分詞，若為被動關係則用過去分詞。
• With Sam coming, you may clock out.
山姆來了，你就可以打卡下班了。
• With your job done, you can leave now.
你工作做完了，隨時都可以離開。
b. 空格位於句首，之後為兩個陳述對比的句子，可知答案應選 (B) While。

2. Andrea Gandini, a native of Rome in his early twenties, has been recognized for his wood carvings of old tree trunks scattered across the city’s landscape.
理由
a. scatter vt. 使分散，散布
• Helen gathered up the toys that were scattered around the room.
海倫收拾好散落在房間裡的玩具。
b. 本空格測試形容詞子句化簡為分詞片語的用法：
在限定修飾的形容詞子句中，若關係代名詞作主詞時，可將該子句化簡成分詞片語。化簡步驟如下：
1) 刪除關係代名詞；2) 之後的動詞變成現在分詞；若動詞為 be 動詞，變成 being 後可省略。
• The dog (which was) dumped on the street found a new home after a week.
那隻被丟在路上的狗在一週後找到了新家。
c. 本句原為 “... his wood carvings of old tree trunks which are scattered across the city’s landscape.”，根據上述化簡原則，可將關係代名詞 which 刪除，be 動詞 are 變成現在分詞 being 後再予以省略，故 (C) scattered 應為正選。

3. He realized that Rome was full of potential canvasses just waiting to be given new life.
理由
a. (A) potential a. 潛在的，可能的
• The earlier you identify potential problems, the sooner you can take action to avoid them.
你愈早發現潛在問題，就能愈快採取行動去避免它們發生。
(B) considerate a. 體貼的
• It’s very considerate of you to lend me a hand in this time of trouble.
你在這困難的時候對我伸出援手真是太體貼了。
(C) artificial a. 人造的，人工的
• Many people prefer wearing clothes made of natural material rather than artificial fiber.
許多人喜歡穿天然布料製成的衣服，而較不喜歡人造纖維製成的衣服。
(D) efficient a. 有效率的
• Occasional relaxation is very important for efficient work.
偶爾放鬆一下對有效率的工作至為重要。
b. 根據語意，甘迪尼開始意識到羅馬充滿許多等待重獲新生的「潛在」素材，故 (A) 項應為正選。

4. This resulted in lots of old stumps that blemish the streets of Rome, which were costly to remove.
理由
a. (A) adapt to N/V-ing　　適應……
• Joseph couldn’t adapt to living alone after his wife died.
約瑟夫在他太太過世後無法適應獨居生活。
(B) evolve into...　　演變／進化成……
• The company started small, but it has evolved into a worldwide enterprise.
該公司雖然一開始規模很小，現在卻已發展成一家跨國企業。
(C) result in...　　造成／導致……
• Thoughtless decisions may result in serious consequences.
欠缺考慮的決定可能造成嚴重的後果。
(D) suffer from...　　受……之苦；罹患……
• Sandy suffers from serious allergies when the seasons change.
季節轉換的時候，珊蒂就會飽受嚴重過敏之苦。
b. 根據語意，染病的樹「造成」許多破壞羅馬街道美觀的老樹樁，需花費大筆經費才能將它們移除，故 (C) 項應為正選。

5. By recognizing each formerly living tree as an individual, he hopes to give them some dignity in death and honor each of them with their own headstone of sorts.
理由
a. (A) willingly adv. 樂意，情願地
• Jeff answered all the personal questions from the reporters willingly.
傑夫很樂意回答記者的私人問題。
(B) loyally adv. 忠誠地，忠實地
• Those soldiers have always loyally defended their country.
這些軍人一向忠誠地捍衛國家。
(C) relatively adv. 相對地；相當地
• Paperback books are relatively inexpensive compared to hardcovers.
平裝書跟精裝書比起來相對便宜。
(D) formerly adv. 以前，從前
• The grand hotel was formerly an embassy.
那座宏偉的飯店以前是大使館。
b. 根據語意，藉由將每棵「以前」有過生命的樹視為一個個體，甘迪尼希望能在它們死後給予一些尊嚴，並以勉強算得上是墓碑的作品來個別紀念每一棵樹，故 (D) 項應為正選。

1. sculpt vt. 雕刻
• Teresa sculpts beautiful works of art using only clay, water, and a few simple tools.
泰瑞莎只用了黏土、水和一些簡單的工具就雕刻出美麗的藝術品。

2. urban a. 都市的
• Older people often prefer rural life to an urban one.
年長者常常偏好鄉村生活勝過城市生活。

3. remains n. 剩餘物；遺體（恆用複數）
• The glorious past of the Roman Empire can be seen in its architectural remains.
羅馬帝國的光輝歷史在其留存下來的建築中可見一斑。

4. diseased a. 患病害的，病變的
• Rex got the diseased part of his bowel removed in the operation.
雷克斯在手術中除去了他大腸病變的部分。

5. blemish vt. 有損……的完美；玷汙
• Mabel’s beautiful face was blemished by a large scar across her cheek.
一道劃過臉頰的大傷疤減損了梅寶美麗臉龐的完美。

6. dignity n. 尊嚴
• Physical punishment might damage a student’s dignity.
體罰可能會損害學生的自尊心。

7. trek n.（顯得很漫長的）一段路程；（尤指徒步的）艱苦長途旅行
• It’s a bit of a trek from here to the train station.
從這裡到火車站要走蠻長的一段路。

8. document vt. 記錄
• This movie documented the disaster in detail.
這部電影詳細記錄了這場災難。

1. stick to...　　堅持／信守……（承諾、原則等）
• The politician failed to stick to his election promises.
該位政治人物未能兌現他的競選支票。

2. buck the trend　　逆轉潮流
buck vt. 抵抗；反抗
• That company is the only one to have bucked the trend of a declining industry.
該公司在其衰退產業中是唯一仍屹立不搖的企業。

3. run out of...　　用完……
• Sid ran out of things to say in the middle of his speech.
席德在演講中詞窮了。

4. bring... back to life　　使……起死回生
• It is impossible to bring dead people back to life.
讓逝者起死回生是不可能的事。

5. N + of sorts　　勉強稱得上／算是……的
• We held a party of sorts for my sister to celebrate her coming back from abroad.
我們為姊姊辦了一場算是派對的活動來慶祝她回國。

in one’s early twenties / thirties / forties /...
在某人二十／三十／四十／……歲出頭時
• Our latest product is targeted at women in their early thirties.
我們的最新產品是針對三十歲出頭的女性。
------------------------------------------------------------------
其他表「在某人若干歲時」的說法如下：
a. in one’s teens　　在某人十幾歲時
• Jack was known to be reckless in his teens.
傑克在青少年時期是出了名地魯莽。
b. in one’s twenties / thirties / forties /...
在某人二十／三十／四十／……幾歲時
• Many people become mature and get married in their thirties.
許多人在三十幾歲時會變得成熟而結婚。
c. in one’s mid-twenties / thirties / forties /...　　在某人二十五、六／三十五、六／四十五、六／……歲時
• Sam’s business was at its peak when he was in his mid-forties.
山姆的事業在他四十五、六歲時如日中天。
d. in one’s late teens / twenties / thirties / forties /...
在某人十八、九／二十八、九／三十八、九／四十八、九／……歲時
• Gymnasts usually peak in their late teens or early twenties.
體操選手通常在將近二十歲或二十出頭時達到巔峰期。
• My grandma is very healthy and energetic even though she is in her late eighties.
我奶奶雖然快九十歲了，卻依然健康有活力。
e. 以上用法中的 twenties / thirties / forties 等也可用數字 20s / 30s / 40s 等來表示。

死木計畫：藝術家重整羅馬「樹」容
　　

　　羅馬因其古典藝術品而聞名全球，但近來這座城市的現代街頭藝術開始吸引了人們的目光。雖然城市裡的許多藝術家堅持畫壁畫，不過有一位義大利雕刻家卻逆勢而為，以一種不尋常的媒材創造出他令人驚歎的作品。年僅二十出頭的羅馬人安德烈．甘迪尼以他遍布該市的老樹幹木雕而備受認可。
　　甘迪尼的「死木」（或「枯樹幹」）計畫始於這位藝術家在 2018 年用完他的雕塑黏土時。他就是在那時注意到社區裡一棵老樹殘餘的樹樁（編按：即樹木被鋸去樹身後所剩的末段）。他開始意識到羅馬潛藏著許多等待重獲新生的素材。「讓樹起死回生」正是甘迪尼等人形容其藝術的說法。
　　由於該市多年疏於照顧，許多樹染上疾病而必須被砍下。這造成許多破壞羅馬街道美觀的老樹樁，需花費大筆經費才能將它們移除。然而，它們卻是甘迪尼的完美畫布，他已在全市完成了五十多件的樹雕作品。
　　甘迪尼給予每棵老樹幹一張臉和其專屬的個性。藉由將每棵曾有過生命的樹視為一個個體，他希望能在它們死後給予一些尊嚴，並以勉強算得上是墓碑的作品來個別紀念每一棵樹。為了那些無法親訪羅馬的人，甘迪尼將他的藝術作品記錄在 Instagram 上。
答案：1. B　2. C　3. A　4. C　5. D

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