2022年7月14日 星期四

Unequal Toll From Climate Change’s Effects 窮國製造的暖化少 卻深受其害


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讀紐時學英文
2022/07/15 第391期 訂閱/退訂看歷史報份
 
 
紐時周報精選 Unequal Toll From Climate Change's Effects 窮國製造的暖化少 卻深受其害
'MJ': Dancing the Pain, and Dancing the Pain Away 麥可傑克森音樂劇舞出/離真我
紐時周報精選
 
Unequal Toll From Climate Change's Effects 窮國製造的暖化少 卻深受其害
文/German Lopez
譯/李京

窮國製造的暖化少 卻深受其害

India has contributed little to climate change: Home to 18% of the world's population, it has emitted just 3% of planet-warming greenhouse gases.

印度在促成氣候變遷方面幾乎沒做什麼:人口占全球18%,卻只排放3%使地球變暖的溫室氣體。

But India is suffering from climate change. Over the past three months, a heat wave has devastated north India and neighboring Pakistan. Temperatures surpassed 43.33 degrees Celsius.

但印度苦於氣候變遷。過去三個月,熱浪重創北印度和鄰國巴基斯坦。氣溫曾超過攝氏43.33度。

It is so hot that overheated birds fell out of the sky in Gurgaon, India, and a historic bridge in northern Pakistan collapsed after melting snow and ice at a glacial lake released a torrent of water.

天氣熱到讓印度古爾岡市的鳥類受不了暑氣從天空掉下,北巴基斯坦一座具歷史意義的橋梁因為冰河湖雪冰融化釋出洪水而倒塌。

Scientists say global warming almost certainly played a role in the heat wave.

科學家說,幾乎可以確定全球暖化在這波熱浪中起作用。

And rising temperatures stand to make unusually hotter weather more common not just in India and Pakistan but around the world, including in the U.S.

因氣溫逐步升高而將更常出現罕見熱天氣的不只是印度和巴基斯坦,還有全球各地,包括美國。

Indians have responded by staying indoors as much as possible, particularly during the afternoon hours. The government has encouraged this, pushing schools to close early and businesses to shift work schedules.

印度人回應的方式是盡可能待在室內,尤其在下午。政府鼓勵這樣做,逼學校早點關門,要企業改變工作時間表。

The measures have kept down deaths — with fewer than 100 recorded so far, an improvement from heat waves years ago that killed thousands.

這些措施壓低了死亡數,迄今記錄在案的死者不到百人,比多年前熱浪造成數千人喪命有進步。

But these measures have costs. School time is cut short, so students learn less. People do not travel to their jobs, so work is less productive. The heat kept some farmers inside and stunted harvests, so crop yields fell and global food prices increased. Social life is disrupted.

但這些措施有其代價。在校時間縮短,所以學生學得少。人們不必通勤去工作,因此生產力下降。炎熱讓一些農民待在室內,妨礙收成,因而農作物產量減少,全球食物價格上漲。社交生活受阻。

The situation could be likened to the mixed effects of COVID lockdowns: Measures for adapting to climate change can help prevent the worst health outcomes, but they come with real costs.

這種情形或許類似防疫封鎖措施的混合效應:適應氣候變遷措施也能避免最糟糕的公共衛生後果,但隨之而來的是真正的代價。

"We're saving lives, but then livelihoods are lost," said Roxy Koll, a climate scientist in India.

印度氣候科學家柯爾說:「我們挽救生命,但然後就沒了生計。」

The geography of poor countries — many are close to the equator — is not the only reason climate change is such a burden for them. Poverty is another factor, leaving them with fewer resources to adapt.

許多窮國靠近赤道,但位置並不是氣候變遷對這些國家造成負擔的唯一原因。貧困是另一個因素,讓這些國家可供調適的資源更少。

There is a paradox to the climate crisis. Because India never fully industrialized, it has not released as many greenhouse gases as the U.S., European nations and other rich countries. But because it has not industrialized, it also has fewer resources to adapt than the richer, polluting nations.

氣候危機有個自相矛盾的情況。由於印度從未完全工業化,排放的溫室氣體不像美國、歐洲國家等富國那麼多。不過也因為印度還沒工業化,可供調適的資源也比排放汙染的富國少。

There is a cycle here: To adapt, countries have to adopt modern technologies. But since these technologies often require planet-warming oil and coal, their use aggravates climate change and, consequently, extreme weather.

這裡有個循環:為了調適,各國必須採用現代技術。不過由於這些技術通常需要用到會使地球暖化的石油和煤,採用這些技術會加重氣候變遷,讓極端天氣更常出現。

 
'MJ': Dancing the Pain, and Dancing the Pain Away 麥可傑克森音樂劇舞出/離真我
文/Gia Kourlas
譯/陳韋廷

麥可傑克森音樂劇舞出/離真我

Irritatingly, yet predictably, "MJ: The Musical,"directed by ballet choreographer Christopher Wheeldon, has been nominated for 10 Tony Awards. It will run for ages. Michael Jackson — for all his flaws — is still Michael Jackson.

令人不悅但可預見的,由芭蕾舞編舞家爾惠登執導的《MJ:音樂劇》獲得10項東尼獎提名。該劇將長期上演。麥可傑克森即便有很多缺點,仍是麥可傑克森。

But the production does have something to show about Jackson's dancing body in all of its articulate anxiety. It made me think: What happened to that body when the boy became a man? How did his dancing change? Was something of his internal landscape exposed in his dancing for all to see? Did we ever really see it?

但這部作品確實展現出傑克森舞動身體中所有清楚表達的焦慮。這讓我思考,當這個男孩長大成人,他的身體發生什麼變化?舞蹈如何改變?在他的舞蹈中,是否顯露出他內心的某個心境?我們真的看出來了嗎?

When he was alive and building his pop canon of music and dance, it wasn't always so easy to grasp how, beyond the nervous twitches of the choreography, his spirit was reflected in his dancing.

當他還在世並建構他的流行音樂和舞蹈經典,除了編舞的緊張抽搐,並不容易理解他的精神是如何反映在他的舞蹈中。

He was always hiding. His costumes were armor, masking his body, his interior life and even, for all of his extraordinary prowess, his physicality. In a sense, he made it possible for his impersonators to exist by crafting and perpetuating a Michael Jackson that anyone could borrow and put on. Like a rhinestone glove. Or a moonwalk.

他總是在躲藏。他的服裝是盔甲,隱藏他的身體、他的內心,甚至他的肉體,即便他擁有非凡的力量。從某種意義上,他讓模仿他的人得以存在,因為他創造一個任何人都能借用與模仿的麥可傑克森。就像一雙鑲鑽手套,或是一個月球漫步。

The Broadway musical tries its best to focus on Jackson, the perfectionist artist, MJ, as the adult Jackson is listed in the Playbill. For Little Michael, tormented by his father, dance is an escape; for the older MJ, it's a way for his body to scream in ways he couldn't with words.

這齣百老匯音樂劇盡力聚焦於這位完美主義藝人、在節目單上簡稱MJ的成年傑克森身上。對於被父親折磨的小麥可來說,跳舞是逃避,對年長的MJ而言,這是他的身體以一種無法用言語表達的方式來尖叫。

The older MJ, in the show, fights for rigid precision — movement phrases are knotty, spiky, full of angles, while Little Michael is smooth and enviably relaxed.

劇中,年長的MJ力求嚴格的精確度,舞句複雜、尖銳、充滿角度,而小麥可則是流暢與令人欣羨的輕鬆。

That unselfconscious fluidity throws into relief the rigidity and the constraint of MJ, as played by Myles Frost. Frost's dancing accuracy is extraordinary; it reveals a body turning in on itself and hardening — lonely, brittle, concave. The tipped hat and rounded shoulders weren't just about Jackson imitating one of his idols, Bob Fosse. Weren't they also a way to hide (and guard) himself from the world?

這種不自覺的流暢讓MJ的刻板與束縛獲得釋放,在劇中由邁爾斯.佛洛斯特飾演。佛洛斯特的舞蹈精準非凡,展現一個自我封閉與僵硬的身體,孤獨、脆弱與凹陷。尖帽和圓肩不僅是傑克森在模仿他的偶像鮑伯佛西,也是種隱藏(和保護)自己不被世界發現的方式嗎?

It's impossible to know who Jackson really was. "MJ" delivers yet another impersonation of the man we saw onstage and in videos. Often a dancing body reveals a certain truth about a person, but in Jackson's case, dancing might have been one more thing to hide behind, like another costume; it was a place he could control his body. He could be himself or the person he wanted to be: strong, powerful, sexy. Maybe the dancing body was the man, or his fantasy of himself.

傑克森究竟是什麼樣的人,我們無法知道。「MJ」再次模仿了我們在台上與影片中看到的那個人。跳舞的身體通常揭示了一個人的某些真相,但在傑克森的例子中,跳舞可能是另一件要隱藏的東西,就像另一套服裝一樣,是他能夠控制自己身體的地方。他可以做他自己或是他想成為的人:強壯、有力、性感。也許跳舞的身體就是那個人,或是他幻想成為的人。

 
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